Existentialism, a 20th-century movement, emphasizes the individual's freedom and responsibility in a universe that offers no inherent meaning, urging humans to confront their existential dilemmas through personal choice, authentic living, and the search for purpose amidst an often indifferent world.

French existentialist Albert Camus, known for exploring the absurd, argued that accepting the world’s lack of inherent meaning leads to personal freedom and a deeper sense of responsibility in how we choose to live.

Søren Kierkegaard urges us to embark on a lifelong journey of self-discovery, encouraging us to live authentically and passionately in the face of life's inherent absurdities and challenges.

Friedrich Nietzsche was one of the most significant philosophers of the 19th century. His works challenged the conventional notions of morality and beliefs of his time, urging a re-evaluation of commonly held values and embracing a more self-determined way of life.